Note
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W. Petty, Political Arithmetick, or a Discourse Concerning the Extent and Values of Lands, People, Buildings (1690), in C.H. Hull, The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1899.
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A. Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, London, W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1776, pp. 265-266, ora in R.H. Campbell, A.S. Skinner e W.B. Todd (a cura di), The Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith, vol. II, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1976.
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J.S. Mill, Principles of Political Economy, with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy,London, Longmans, 1848 (rist. 1926).
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T.W. Schultz, Investment in Human Capital, in «Economic Review», 51, 1, 1961, pp. 1-17.
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Ibidem, p. 2.
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G.S. Becker, Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, New York, Columbia University Press/NBER, 1964.
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G. Folloni e G. Vittadini, Human Capital Measurement: A Survey, in «Journal of Economic Surveys», 24, 2, 2010, pp. 248-279.
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E. Engel, Der Werth des Menschen, Berlin, Verlag von Leonhard Simion, 1883.
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J.W. Kendrick, The Formation and Stocks of Total Capital, New York, Columbia University Press/NBER, 1976.
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D.W. Jorgenson e B.M. Fraumeni, The Accumulation of Human and Nonhuman Capital, in R.E. Lipsey e H. Stone Tice (a cura di), The Measurement of Saving, Investment, and Wealth, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1989, pp. 227-282.
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C. Dagum e D.J. Slottje, A New Method to Estimate the Level and Distribution of the Household Human Capital with Application, in «Structural Change and Economic Dynamics», 11, 2000, pp. 67-94.
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W. Farr, Equitable Taxation of Property, in «Journal of the Statistical Society of London», 16, 1, 1853, pp. 1-45.
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D.W. Jorgenson e B.M. Fraumeni, The Accumulation of Human and Nonhuman Capital, cit.
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C. Dagum e D.J. Slottje, A New Method to Estimate the Level and Distribution of the Household Human Capital with Application, cit.
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OECD, Human Capital Investment. An International Comparison, Paris, Centre for International Research and Innovation, 1998.
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J. Mincer, Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution, in «Journal of Political Economy», 66, 4, 1958, pp. 281-302; W. Schultz, Investment in Human Capital, cit.; G.S. Becker, Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, cit.
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OECD, Human Capital Investment. An International Comparison, cit.; J.J. Heckman, J.E. Humphries e T. Kautz, The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2014; L. Wössmann, Specifying Human Capital,in «Journal of Economic Surveys», 17, 3, 2003, pp. 239-270.
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OECD, Human Capital Investment. An International Comparison, cit.
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E.A. Hanushek, Measuring Investment in Education, in «Journal of Economic Perspectives», 10, 4, 1996, pp. 9-30; OECD, Human Capital Investment. An International Comparison, cit.; L. Wössmann, Specifying Human Capital, cit.
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S. Becker, Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, cit.
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L. Wössmann, Specifying Human Capital, cit.
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W. Schultz, Investment in Human Capital, cit.
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World Bank, Workers in an Integrating World. World Development Report,Washington, 1995, http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/365821468168543533/pdf/148660REPLACEMENT0WDR01995.pdf.
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Ibidem; L. Wössmann, Specifying Human Capital, cit., 2003; E.A. Hanushek e L. Wössmann The Role of Education Quality in Economic Growth, Policy Research Working Paper 4122, Washington, World Bank, Human Development Network, Education Team, 2007.
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OECD, Human Capital Investment. An International Comparison, cit.
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International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), https://www.iea.nl/
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OECD, PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework, Paris, OECD Publishing, 2019.
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INVALSI, www.invalsi.it.
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Fondazione Agnelli, www.fga.it; www.eduscopio.it.
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J.J. Heckman e T.D. Kautz, Hard Evidence on Soft Skills, in «Labour Economics», 19, 4, 2012, pp. 451-464; J.J. Heckman, J.E. Humphries e T. Kautz, The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, cit.
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L. Ribolzi, C. Gentili, A. Maraschiello, P. Benetti e V. Gallina, Dai saperi disciplinari alle competenze. Strategie organizzative per la progettazione del curricolo,Bologna, Il Mulino, 2020.
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OECD/CERI, Improving Health and Social Cohesion through Education,Paris, OECD, 2010, https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/improving-health-and-social-cohesion-through-education_9789264086319-en#page1.
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J.J. Heckman, J.E. Humphries e T. Kautz, The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, cit.
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J.J. Heckman e T.D. Kautz, Hard Evidence on Soft Skills, cit.; J.J. Heckman, J.E. Humphries e T. Kautz, The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, cit.
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Vedi F. Pisanu, F. Fraccaroli, M. Gentile e F. Recchia, Competenze non cognitive come risorse psicosociali per il successo formativo, pp. 67-88 del presente volume.
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H. Holmlund e O. Silva, Targeting Non-Cognitive Skills to Improve Cognitive Outcomes: Evidence from a Remedial Education Intervention, in «Journal of Human Capital», 8, 2, 2014, pp. 126-160.
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T. Kautz, J.J. Heckman, R. Diris, B. Ter Weel e L. Borghans, Fostering and Measuring Skill: Improving Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skill to Promote Lifetime Success, NBER Working Paper n. 20749, Chicago, 2014.
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R.M. Pirsig, Lo Zen e l’arte della manutenzione della motocicletta,Milano, Adelphi, 1981.
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B. Bernstein, Pedagogy, Symbolic Control, and Identity, London, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, pp. 7 ss.
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J.J. Heckman, J.E. Humphries e T. Kautz, The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, cit.
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A.K. Sen, Development as Freedom, New York, Alfred Knopf, 1999.
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M.C. Nussbaum, Creating Capabilities. The Human Development Approach, Harvard, Harvard University Press, 2011.
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Z. Bauman, La società individualizzata,Bologna, Il Mulino, 2002.
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A.M. Maccarini, On Character Education: Self-Formation and Forms of Life in a Morphogenic Society, in «Italian Journal of Sociology of Education», VIII, 1, 2016, pp. 31-55.
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F. Cunha e J. Heckman, The Technology of Skill Formation, in «American Economic Review», 97, 2, 2007, pp. 31-47.
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J.J. Heckman, J.E. Humphries e T. Kautz, The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, cit.; OECD, PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework, cit.
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OECD, Skills for Social Progress: The Power of Social and Emotional Skills, OECD Skills Studies, Paris, OECD Publishing, 2015.
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M. Kankaraš, Personality Matters: Relevance and Assessment of Personality Characteristics, OECD Education Working Papers 157, Paris, OECD Publishing, 2017.
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Si può qui notare un cambiamento di prospettiva rispetto ai tradizionali studi sociologici che associano la riuscita scolastica al successo lavorativo, in quanto si asserisce una relazione diretta fra i singoli fattori che condizionano la riuscita e il reddito, su cui i Big Five hanno un importante ruolo predittivo, ma non sono condizionanti.
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J.J. Heckman, J.E. Humphries e T. Kautz, The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, cit.
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M. Kankaraš, Personality Matters: Relevance and Assessment of Personality Characteristics, cit.
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M. Kankaraš, Personality Matters: Relevance and Assessment of Personality Characteristics, cit.
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Possiamo segnalare che questo elemento potrebbe spiegare almeno in parte la migliore riuscita scolastica delle ragazze, in quanto viene considerata una qualità più «femminile» che «maschile».
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Si veda anche T. Kautz, J.J. Heckman, R. Diris, B. Ter Weel e L. Borghans, Fostering and Measuring Skill: Improving Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skill to Promote Lifetime Success, cit.
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J.J. Heckman, J.E. Humphries e T. Kautz, The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, cit.; T. Kautz, J.J. Heckman, R. Diris, B. Ter Weel e L. Borghans, Fostering and Measuring Skill: Improving Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skill to Promote Lifetime Success, cit.
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J.J. Heckman, J.E. Humphries e T. Kautz, The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, cit.
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A. Alaminos e C. Penalva, Economía Colaborativa: Definiciones y Escenarios, Alicante, OBETS - Instituto Interuniversitario de Desarrollo Social y Paz, Universidad de Alicante, 2018.
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Si veda ad esempio A. Sundararajan, The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise of Crowd-based Capitalism, Cambridge, MIT Press, 2016.