Salvatore Capasso, Giovanni Canitano (a cura di)
Mediterranean Economies 2023
DOI: 10.1401/9788815411167/c4
Spain’s oil suppliers are fairly diversified, the main supplier being Nigeria which provides 13.45 per cent of all Spain’s oil imports. Furthermore, Spain has a lower variation of oil imports over time with respect to France and Italy. Yet France’s oil suppliers are even more diversified than those of Italy and Spain. After Spain, follows Italy whose oil suppliers are concentrated in the MENA region. Russia supplies France with 14.55 per cent of its oil needs, followed by Italy which imports 12.51 per cent of all its oil from Russia, and Spain, whose oil imports from Russia amount to 8.85 per cent.
{p. 133}
Tab. 5. France: oil imports (data in millions of tons)
2019
2020
2021
var 2019/2020
var 2020/2021
Total
93.58
76.09
79.12
-18.7%
4.0%
MENA
29.47
18.46
22.06
-37.4%
19.5%
ENA Incidence
31.5%
24.3%
27.9%
–
–
 
 
 
 
 
 
Source: authors’ elaboration on Eurostat data. Date retrieved: 12th January 2023.
Tab. 6. Main oil suppliers of France in 2021 (data in thousands of tons and incidence on total (%))
Countries
Thousand Tonnes
Share on Total Provision
Russia
11,510.307
14.55%
United States
7,024.860
8.88%
Saudi Arabia
6,677.322
8.44%
Algeria
5,848.301
7.39%
Netherlands
5,350.466
6.76%
Belgium
5,126.683
6.48%
Kazakhstan
4,536.391
5.73%
Nigeria
3,896.790
4.92%
Libya
3,495.144
4.42%
Norway
2,740.539
3.46%
Spain
2,640.207
3.34%
Iraq
2,394.772
3.03%
United Kingdom
2,152.767
2.72%
United Arab Emirates
2,100.673
2.65%
Germany (until 1990 former territory of the FRG)
1,700.285
2.15%
67,195.507
Others
11,930.825
15.08%
Total
79,126.332
100%
 
 
 
Source: authors’ elaboration on Eurostat data. Date retrieved: 12th January 2023.
Tab. 7. Italy: oil imports (data in millions of tons)
2020
2021
var 2020/2021
Total
80.40
65.41
-18.6%
MENA
33.99
26.58
-21.8%
MENA Incidence
42.3%
40.6%
–
 
 
 
 
Source: authors’ elaboration on Eurostat data. Date retrieved 12th January 2023.
Tab. 8. Main oil suppliers of Italy in 2020 (data in thousands of tons and incidence on total (%)
Countries
Thousand Tonnes
Share on Total Provision
Azerbaijan
10,010.989
15.30%
Iraq
8,718.607
13.33%
Saudi Arabia
8,245.177
12.60%
Russia
8,184.259
12.51%
Libya
3,855.678
5.89%
Kazakhstan
3,477.901
5.32%
Nigeria
2,759.619
4.22%
United States
2,684.006
4.10%
Egypt
2,575.362
3.94%
Algeria
2,035.854
3.11%
Norway
1,394.548
2.13%
Spain
971.171
1.48%
United Kingdom
952.730
1.46%
Canada
833.446
1.27%
Switzerland
812.217
1.24%
Subtotal
57,511.564
87.91%
Others
7,907.451
12.09%
Total
65,419.015
100%
 
 
 
Source: authors’ elaboration on Eurostat data. Date retrieved 12th January 2023.
Tab. 9. Spain: oil imports (data in millions of tons)
2019
2020
2021
var 2019/2020
var 2020/2021
Total
87.50
73.74
76.39
-15.7%
3.6%
MENA
27.23
15.56
19.43
-42.9%
24.9%
MENA Incidence
31.1%
21.1%
25.4%
–
–
 
 
 
 
 
 
Source: authors’ elaboration on Eurostat data. Date retrieved 12th January 2023.
Tab. 10. Main oil suppliers of Spain in 2021 (data in thousands of tons and incidence on total (%))
Countries
Thousand Tonnes
Share on Total Provision
Nigeria
10,274.613
13.45%
Mexico
7,653.449
10.02%
Russia
6,763.728
8.85%
Libya
6,482.171
8.4%
United States
5,073.660
6.64%
Saudi Arabia
4,723.378
6.18%
Kazakhstan
4,201.124
5.50%
Iraq
3,750.530
4.91%
Algeria
3,402.827
4.45%
Italy
3,239.877
4.24%
Brazil
2,063.297
2.70%
Norway
1,644.778
2.15%
Canada
1,435.486
1.88%
Azerbaijan
1,342.217
1.76%
Portugal
1,267.487
1.66%
Subtotal
63,318.622
82.89%
Others
13,071.730
17.11%
Total
76,390.352
100%
 
 
 
Source: authors’ elaboration on Eurostat data. Date retrieved 12th January 2023.
Natural Gas. Of the three countries, Italy has the highest level of relations with the MENA region. Indeed, 6.5 million cubic metres of natural gas came from Qatar alone versus total imports of 9.5 million cubic metres. By contrast, France and Spain have limited relations with MENA countries, importing natural gas mostly from Russia and the US. Italy is the most dependent country upon foreign provision of energy, followed by Spain while France is able to cover its energy requirements by itself thanks to its domestic energy production which is mainly nuclear. When it comes to oil and its derivatives, of the three countries France has the highest level of dependency, followed by Italy and Spain.{p. 136}
Fig. 14. MENA Incidence on natural gas imports of France, Italy and Spain.
Source: authors’ elaboration on Eurostat data. Date retrieved: 12th January 2023.
Tab. 11. LNG* Providers of France in 2020 (data in million cubic metres)
Russian Federation
4.7
Algeria
4.5
US
4.3
Nigeria
3.5
Qatar
0.7
Egypt
0.2
Peru
0.1
Other Americas
0.1
Total imports
18.1
 
 
* Note: Liquefied natural gas.
Source: authors’ elaboration on BP data. Date retrieved 12th January 2023.
Tab. 12. LNG Providers of Spain in 2020 (data in million cubic metres)
US
5.8
Nigeria
4.3
Russian Federation
3.3
Qatar
2.4
Algeria
2.1
Trinidad & Tobago
1.1
Other Africa
0.8
Angola
0.4
Egypt
0.4
Other Europe
0.1
Peru
0.1
Australia
0.1
Total imports
20.8
 
 
Source: authors’ elaboration on BP data. Date retrieved 12th January 2023.
Tab. 13. LNG Providers of Italy in 2020 (data in million cubic metres)
Qatar
6.5
Algeria
1.3
US
1.0
Egypt
0.3
Nigeria
0.3
Trinidad & Tobago
0.2
Other Europe
0.1
Total imports
9.5
 
 
Source: authors’ elaboration on BP data. Date retrieved 12th January 2023.