Note
-
«Today, more than half the world’s population live in cities. By 2050, an estimated 7 out of 10 people will likely live in urban areas» United Nations [2022, 48].
-
The United Nations highlights the greater challenges of growing urban development as «shortage of affordable housing, insufficient infrastructure (such as public transportation and basic services), limited open spaces, unsafe levels of air pollution, and increased climate and disaster risk» (ibidem).
-
They provide empirical evidence about a negative and significant relationship between the local level of pollution, traffic, rent and quality of life index among some selected 42 big Asian cities, while the local purchasing power in buying goods and services in a market is positively and significantly associated with it.
-
Disposable income, i.e. net wage, represents the money that a person has available to spend on daily costs. Additionally, taking into account after-tax wages should help us to control better for wage dispersion across areas compared to pre-tax wages [Winters 2009].
-
We do not expect the relative position to change in most countries with the living costs to the monthly wage relative to the housing affordability indicator since rent is one of the highest expenses in the month, and hence is driving the results of the indicator.