The present volume offers the papers of an international conference held in Trento from October 28 to 29, 2016, at the Istituto Storico Italo-Germanico (ISIG). It faced the task of using the occasion of commemorating the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, so as to reconsider the events within Latin Christianity in a comparative perspective and to consider them globally. The universal religious sociology of Max Weber was used and evaluated in the light of the new theoretical and methodological conditions of interdisciplinary and international research.